Politics of leadership in a global economy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2589 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The main objective of this paper is 2008 annual report analysis of Mc Graw-Hill companies. Education segment, information Media and financial services are operated by Mc Graw-Hill companies. Annual report cover page photo describes their three business segments with motivation quote that is Managing for today // Preparing for tomorrow. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Politics of leadership in a global economy" essay for you Create order CEO letter describes their business segments mission, vision past performance, future prospects, products and customers and causes to decline profits, strategies for generating effective results and what changes they are going to achieving goals. Annual report well organized with some photographs, these photographs says importance of their business segments and how these segments helpful to people. Balance sheet shows financial health and operating performance of company. Its includes amount of profits and cash flows, these are related to stockholders equity, resources and revenue. In balance sheet they are clearly mentioned their profits, liabilities, assets. Stockholders creditors debtors stakeholders employees customers everybody can understand balance sheet very easily. Shareholders earned $2.51 per share in year 2008. Company returned over $5.5 billion to share holders since 1996. Management team discussed company issues, strategies and medical dental and life insurance benefits for retired employees. Management discussions also included considerable amount of information about company future and each segment achievements. Company internal accounting staff produced all financial statements in a good manner. These financial statements audited by their internal auditors. Finally annual report briefly says financial condition, performance, and strategies. OVERVIEW The McGraw-Hill Companies Founded by James H. Mc Graw and John A. Hill. James H. Mc Graw began working in publishing in 1884. At the same time co-founder John A. Hill was working as an editor at locomotive engineer. These two persons started their own publications under the headings of Mc Graw publishing companyandHill Publication Company in 1902. The two men crossed the path over the years and their mutual interest in science and technology. These two book departments of two publishing companies merged to form the Mc Graw-Hill Company in year 1909. Mc Graw-Hill Companies operates three leading business segments across the 40 countries. Those are financial services, education and information and media. The corporation offers an array of trusted, market leading brands that address three enduring global needs the need for capital, the need for knowledge and the need for transparency. Mc Graw-Hill Corporation has more than 280 offices across the world. Sales in 2008 were $6.4 billion. From traditional learning materials to online learning solutions, Mc Graw Hill education is a leader across the education market. The company and its educational publishing segment continued to expand their branches across the world since 20th century. It has offices in 33 countries and it publishes in more than 60 different languages throughout the world. Poors publication company established in 1860. In 1906 standard statistics bureau was formed to provide past unavailable financial data on United states companies. In 1941 poor publishing standard statistics companies merged to form standard poors corporation. Mc Graw-hill companies Inc. acquired standard poors in year 1966.. The Financial Services consists of two operating groups, Credit Market Services and Investment Services. KEY IDEAS McGraw-Hill higher education partners with The NewYork times to add timely, Relevant and real world content to textbooks and related web sites to provide more Information, value and service to professors and students. In 1950s education segment started to provide modern information technology at the K-12 levels in United States of America and Canada. McGraw-Hill collaborates with different kind of companies across the World. They are committed to reaching open markets wherever it may be. They are driving a new digital evolution and, they are dedicated to developing and retaining the right talent to lead this process. They are recognizing the development and integration of the latest technologies and products into our already content- rich information structure is a way to create and deliver immediate results for our customers throughout the world. The most success key factor of McGraw-Hill Companies is, they are leveraging new technologies to create new solutions. Mc Graw- Hill professional talent is their most valuable resource. It enables them to be a market leader and provides highly valued services and information to the world. Therefore, they are invites exceptional individuals to make a difference with a company that sets the standard for excellence and helps the open markets of the world perform to their potential. Standard Poors investment advisory group was created solely to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the investment management and advisory marketplace. Clients receive portfolio strategy, fund research and asset allocation services encompassing the wide range of Standard Poors analysis and tools, including our ranking methodologies. Finally, Standard Poors provides the analysis research and advice that help make clients feel more confident about their investment decisions. PERSPECTIVE An Annual Report provides a detailed look at the financial results for the prior twelve months of operations. Reporting requirements vary by country, but Mc Graw-Hill annual report includes: Chairmans Statement, Income Statement, Cash Flow Statement, Balance Sheet, Notes to the Accounts, Auditors Report and comparisons charts for last 10 years financial reports. My initial impression about this annual report is they are explained honestly about their financial statements. In CEO letter he said very clearly about profits and losses. He covers in letter reasons to decline profits compared to prior year and future strategies to overcome these bad days. I Mcgraw Hill 2008 annual report was really helpful for the people to know the current status of operations and financial status. While my reading of this report I was impressed about way of presenting financial report and first page of report displays 2008 financial status with photographs. They are clearly explained company oper ated sales compared with prior year. It has explained the best reasons behind the success. Financial report is well organized and the report divided into sections, as 10 year summary, stock performance graph, statement of income, statement of cash flow, balance sheet, statement of shareholders. So, it is easy to find the required information. Organization of this report make it is to read everyone. CEOs letter is appropriately balanced with graphs and photographs which is related to the text. It shows last ten years revenues, cash generated by operations and cash returned to share holders. The body of the CEO letter is clearly written with confident tone. I believe this is appropriate letter to target audience. In Annual report they didnt balance the text with graphs, photographs. But they are used so many tables for explaining financial conditions with balance sheet, share holders equity and cash flow etc. They have to use more graphs and photographs in report. Comparison tables show financial status of last two years. I think comparisons charts average reader can understand easily McGraw Hill financial information. In my point of view annual report they are organized very well. It contains very important information about the company. Data useful for everybody like customers, shareholders, stakeholders, employees. Students also can learn so many things from this by studying annual report. I learned some important things about companys annual reports from this project. Main thing I knew how to prepare balance sheet for the company. In annual report the main portion is management discussions; it shows companys future plans to get effective results. Average reader also can understand the Mc Graw-hill 2008 annual report. LEVEL 1 ANALYSYS McGraw-Hill Education revenue and operating profit declined 17.2% and 70.1%, respectively, primarily due to softness at School Education Group partially offset by an increase in revenue at Higher Education. In 2008, revenue and operating profit decreased due to declines at the Financial Services and the McGraw-Hill Education segments. COMPARISON TABLE OF FINANCIAL REVIEWS 2008 2007 Operating Results by Segment and Income Statistics Revenue McGraw-Hill Education $2,638,893 $2,705,831 Financial Services 2,654,287 3,046,229 Information Media 1,061,875 1,020,221 Total Revenue 6,355,055 6,772,281 Operating Profit McGraw-Hill Education 316,454 399,990 Financial Services 1,055,427 1,359,477 Information Media 92,051 63,467 Operating Profit 1,463,932 1,822,934 General corporate (expense)/income (109,122) (159,821) Interest expense net (75,624) (40,581) Income from Continuing Operational Before 1,279,186 1,622,532 Income Tax Provision for taxes on income 479,695 608,973 Income from Continuing Operations Before 799,491 1,013,559 Extraordinary Item and Cumulative Adjustment Discontinued Operations: Net (loss)/earnings from discontinued operations Income before Extraordinary Item and Cumulative 799,491 1,013,559 Adjustment Early extinguishment of debt.net of tax Cumulative effect on prior years of changes in accounting Net Income $ 799,491 $1,013,559 Basic Earnings per Share Income from continuing operations before extraordinary $ 2.53 $ 3.01 Item and cumulative adjustment Discontinued operations Income before extraordinary item and cumulative adjustment $ 2.53 $ 3.01 Extraordinary item and cumulative adjustment Net income Diluted Earnings per Share Income from continuing operations before extraordinary item $ 2.51 $ 2.94 And cumulative adjustment Discontinued operations Income before extraordinary item and cumulative adjustment $ 2.51 $ 2.94 Extraordinary item and cumulative adjustment Net income $ 2.51 $ 2.94 Dividends per share of common stock $ 0.88 $ 0.82 Operating Statistics Return on average shareholders equity 55.3% 47.3% Income from continuing operations before taxes as a percent 20.1% 24.0% Of revenue Income before extraordinary item and cumulative adjustment 12.6% 15.0% As a percent of revenue Balance Sheet Data Working capital $ (227,980) $ (314,558) Total assets $6,080,142 $6,391,376 Total debt $1,267,633 $1,197,447 Shareholders equity $1,282,336 $1,606,650 Number of Employees 21,649 21,171 I observed financial reviews of last two years in above table. It shows everything about Mc Graw-hills financial department. In 2008 everything slightly declined compared to prior year, because everybody knows last year will long be remembered as one of the most difficult year that every company has faced problems due to financial recession effect. Financial reviews representing the company financial health and operating performance. Mc Graw-hill company Balance sheet dated as of 31st December 2008. I noticed that its providing comparable figures of 31st December 2007. This comparisons was helped me a lot to analyzing the information about company financial status. I think previous years results also essential for understanding and analyzing the information. Revenue for Education segmen t in 2008 decreased by 2.5% to $2.6 billion compared to prior year. School Education group revenue declined by 5.4% to $1.4 billion in 2008. Higher education group revenue increased by 0.9% to $1.3 billion Basic earnings per share 48 cents decreased in 2008 compared to the 2007. Standard Poors Credit Market Services providing important data and global standards about company that help investors to access capital and foster economic growth. SP is the global leader in credit ratings in 2008. SP was published more than 1 million new and revised ratings and rated approximately $2.8 trillion in new debt. 22.5% of total revenue declined in 2008 compared to the last year. Assets of Mc Graw-hills decreased in year 2008 at the same time liabilities increased, operating profit and revenue as well. These things are not a problem for this company. I think it can easily recover as soon as possible. McGraw-Hill Education International includes businesses in Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, In dia, and Latin America. More than half of McGraw-Hill Educations revenues come from its School Education Group, the remainder comes from its Higher Education, Professional, and International Group. They are decided to make progress in construction. The electronic delivery of their information is a critical part of the transition and is continuing to produce an increasing share of McGraw-Hill Constructions revenue. Finally In my point of view current environment, Mc Graw-hills remain focused on managing costs and Maintaining liquidity and increased efficiency and reduced redundancies in 2008 and its providing quality of Education for International Students and providing good financial services right time to right company. RESEARCH FINDINGS In early periods (starting stage) Mc Graw-Hill Company focused on developing of different specialties business, management and social sciences, adding to its core strengths in engineering and medical. McGraw-Hill publications built on more than 100 years ago. Innovation, trust and leadership were helped them to their extraordinary success in publication industry. The McGraw-Hill Education segment is one of the premier educational publishers. This segment operates two groups, that is School Education Group and Higher education group. Elementary and high school market comes under school education group and college and university, professional and educational market comes under higher education group. Its resources are delivered across a wide range of print and digital platforms to benefit students, educators and professionals at all levels of learning. in 2008. Financial Services segment operates under the Standard Poors brand. Financial segment provides services to different kind of corporations, such as governments, financial institutions, investment managers and advisors globally. It serves based on interest rates, credit quality and investor confidence The corporation is applying for Leadership Energy and Environmental Design certification, a nationally recognized benchmark for high-performance green buildings, for its higher-education offices. By 2010, the value of the residential green building marketplace is expected to boost its market share from $7.4 billion and 2 percent of housing starts in 2006 to $19 billion to $38 billion and 5 to 10 percent of residential construction activity, according to a National Association of Home Builders survey. While McGraw-Hill and others say green building is good business, in growing green consciousness of the consumer, marketing experts say promoting green building is even better business. The major findings in the study included Green healthcare facilities reduce energy use, thus reducing green house gasses and improving air quality. 47% of respondents said that patient recovery time is reduced in green building other benefits include lower operating costs, greater innovation and public relations benefits. The survey clearly shows that there is an increasing trend toward building green healthcare facilities. Of the survey respondents, 19% said they expect that their organization will be significantly involved with green building in 2008. LEVEL 2 ANALYSIS They are focusing on three core values in education field; those are innovation, success and learning, customer focus. They are constantly looking at new ways to improve learning and help people become more productive and efficient in rapidly changing markets. They are focused on helping students of all ages succeed with their proven solutions. They are committed to providing superior customer service and providing solutions to meet every teaching and learning need. McGraw-Hill Education is an innovative global leader in high-quality teaching and learning solutions.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   They are helping to improve the worlds prospects by providing individuals vital knowledge to enable them to reach their full potential.   McGraw-Hill Education is where the world learns to succeed. Standard Poors, the worlds foremost provider of financial market intelligence, provides rigorous, independent analysis, and information on stocks, bonds, mutual funds and many other complex inv estment vehicles. The critical thinking, opinions, news and data offered by Standard Poors are an integral part of the global financial infrastructure. The companys Education segment, while not as profitable as SP, enjoys the bulk of a moderately lucrative $800 million textbook publishing industry. With high school and college enrollment rates increasing, McGraw-Hill stands to benefit from long-term societal trends toward higher education, though it is subject to short-term changes in state-wide book adoption rates. The Financial Services segment through Standard Poors credit rating service 41% market share and the Education segment through McGraw-Hills educational publishing of textbooks 35% market share. Education segment McGraw-Hills most profitable segment, Financial Services, enjoys several tailwinds and competitive advantages through its operations as Standard Poors, including increasingly large and complex worldwide capital markets in which market participants demand trusted, reliable, distilled information and ratings on trillions of dollars worth of securities and financial obligation. CONCLUSION The management team constantly finds innovative ways to satisfy the customers. The McGraw-Hill Companies Reports 2008 Earnings Per Share of $2.51, Including $0.14 Restructuring Charge McGraw-hill returned over $5.5 billion to the shareholders since 1996, I think thats pretty good. McGraw-hills 52 week low were $17.15 per share and 52 week high was $37.96. Currently, McGraw-Hills share is worth $25.21 which shows that it is closer to its 52 week high. The reasons to buy the McGraw hill shares, its a one stop shop to understand the company and we can Identify prospective partners and suppliers with key data on their businesses and locations. So I would like to buy shares of McGraw-hills companies and also I am recommending others, who is going to invest money in stock market.

The Career Path For Criminology - 920 Words

All of my life I thought I would be a teacher. My parents and sister are teachers and when I went to college many years ago, I was training to be a teacher as well. I thought that was the only path for me. After taking Sigi3, I realized that I could choose a different path. One of the career paths recommended in my Sigi3 results was Criminology. Reading the job description for criminology I was intrigued and wanted to learn more. I have always enjoyed the study of human nature and I am a strong proponent of justice. After much research, I believe that criminology is a career that I would enjoy because it allows me to fulfill my passion for uncovering the truth and sharing that information with others to affect change. Criminology is the scientific study of nature, extent, cause, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on the individual and social levels (Wikipedia). Sociology is the Meta Major, or umbrella, that criminology falls under. In the past criminology was believed to be the exclusive domain of law enforcement, however, as Timothy Roufa says in his article Criminal Justice and Criminology Careers, â€Å"The truth, though, is that popular understanding of criminology is much deeper, far more encompassing and much harder to pin to any one subject or industry. As a result, one can find a criminological component to nearly every degree program or career specialty out there† (Roufa). Criminology is actually the study of crime; its causes and prevention. ThisShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Criminal Justice Graduates in the Real World715 Words   |  3 PagesDoes obtaining a degree in a particular field grantee you a successful career within that field? As for African Ame ricans, will most criminal justice graduates have a career in their field of study post graduation? How long will it take to achieve a career in the criminal justice field? 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Articles of Partnership Free Essays

ARTICLES OF PARTNERSHIP OF TONCLINTX PASTRY PRODUCT And T-SHIRT PRINTING SERVICES Know all men by these presents: That we, all of whom are citizens and residents of the Philippines and of legal age, do hereby voluntarily associate ourselves to form a general partnership in accordance with the laws of the Philippines, and we hereby certify: ARTICLE I That the name of our general partnership shall be TONCLINTX PASTRY PRODUCT and T-SHIRT PRINTING SERVICES. ARTICLE II That the principal place of our partnership shall be in Sta. Cruz Laguna, Philippines. We will write a custom essay sample on Articles of Partnership or any similar topic only for you Order Now ARTICLE III That our partnership shall exist for a period of three (3) months from the time of registration in the Dean’s Office of the College of Computer Studies. ARTICLE IV That the purpose of the partnership shall be the following: 1. To deal in the business of giving the service of T-shirt design and printing together with sales of pastry products. 2. To import such kind of service after complying with existing laws and regulations. 3. To enter into such other contracts or do such other acts as may be demanded by the needs of the business. ARTICLE V That the general partners of our partnership shall be the following: 1. Jhean Laurence SimanFilipino149 Sitio Huwaran Brgy. Pagsawitan Sta. Cruz Laguna 2. Kristine SumaguiFilipino098 Sitio Talon, Brgy. Sta. Clara Sur Pila Laguna 3. Nico Paolo CatalanFilipino6781 Sitio 4 Brgy. Oogong, Sta, Cruz, Laguna 4. Joy Clinton BabaanFilipinoBeverly Hills, St. Maceda Subd. Brgy. Pinagsanjan, Pagsanjan Laguna Hereby approved by: CANDELARIA SILVANIA FLORENCIA SUMAGUE YOLANDA CATALANN ______________ ______________________ __________________________________ Parent of Parent of Parent of Parent of Ear Anthony B. Silvania Kristine Sumagui Nico Paolo CatalanJoy Clinton Babaan How to cite Articles of Partnership, Papers

Bill Gates Essay Free Example For Students

Bill Gates Essay Free Bill GatesWhen one thinks of computer software, one must think of Microsoft. Infact if you use a computer, chances are that you will have some type of programon there that is developed by Microsoft. The CEO, chairman, cofounder, andowner of 147 billion shares of Microsoft is Bill Gates. William Henry Gates III was born in the midst of a scenic Seattle onThursday, October 28, 1995 to his parents Mary and William Henry Gates Jr. Hischildhood was uneventful and was well raised. He went to Sunday school at theCongregational church and sang in the choir. He was a Boy Scout but nevershowed interest for either of these activities. Gates was an unusual child whospent long periods in his room in deep thought. He loved science and showedgreat skill in the area of math. In fact he scored a perfect on the mathsection of the SAT. His high school English teacher Anne Stephens was amazed atGates memory. She commented on how Gates had remembered a 3-page soliloquy fora school play in one reading. He read often, tried to take up the trombone, hadno interest in philosophy but rather thought of himself as a scientist. Hisscience teacher, William Dougall, remembers if the teacher wasnt going fastenough, Bill always seemed on the verge of saying, But thats obvious.' Gatesonce said to a teacher that some day he would be a millionaire. A grosslyunderestimated statement. Today Gates is one of the richest men in the world. We will write a custom essay on Bill Gates Free specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the fall of 1968, Bill Gates was entering the 8th grade at lakeside School,and his best friend Paul Allen, entered the 10th grade. Lakeside invested $3,000into a Teletype machine which could connect to the business computer via a phoneline. When the computer courses began in January 1969, both Gates and Allendiscovered their passion for programming. Since very few teachers knew anythingabout computers, the boys taught themselves with every manual they could gettheir hands on. Some days both would cut gym to gain extra time on the terminal. Gates first program was a ticktacktoe game. Gates and Allen would soon berestricted to time on the terminal because the schools electric bill was everincreasing. In a long series of mishaps Gates and Allen would soon beprogramming away at Lakeside. The math teacher that had been assigned to doclass scheduling, manually, died in an airplane accident. Gates and Allen wereoffered $2,400 worth of computer time in exchange for a class scheduling program. The boys (Gates now 16 and Allen already graduating high school) worked day andnight. Gates soon found out that he could put himself in an all girls classesin every period. Soon Gates and Allen would found a company called Traf-O-Data. The two made a program that would regulate traffic data generated by the grayboxes on Seattle streets. After entering Harvard with a major in law, Gates andAllen contemplated the idea of starting a company. Their vision soon expandedinto the multi-billion dollar empire. Gates is to the software what Edison wasto the light bulb- part innovator, part entrepreneur, part salesman and full-time genius. Gates is the Edison of software. If it wasnt for him wewouldnt have Windows 95, Winword, Microsoft Internet Explorer, or countlessothers.In August, 24, 1995, Microsoft announces the availability of MicrosoftWindows 95, worldwide. This new operating system would change the worlds viewof computers drastically. The computer would become a toy and using it would bemuch easier than before. Four days after the release, Microsoft announces thatit estimates that more than 1 million copies of Microsoft Windows 95 wereobtained by customers at retail stores in North America. By October, 17, 1995,7 mil lion copies were purchased. That means at least 7 million people werebecoming more computer literate. Although the practices of Microsoft have beeninvestigated by the Justice Department for monopolistic practices, it has beenthe leading company for new ventures. On November 20, 1995, Microsoft announcedthat MSN: The Microsoft Network, has enrolled more than 525,000 members in itsfirst three months of service. With the majority of members using MSNs fullInternet access, this makes it one of the largest Internet service providers. .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 , .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .postImageUrl , .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 , .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2:hover , .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2:visited , .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2:active { border:0!important; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2:active , .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2 .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2a0428dac11b6176cdf387d5be538d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil Disobedience EssayWith this development, half a million people were connect on-line and into thenew era of computers. Recently Microsoft as tried to eliminate Netscape, theleading developer of Internet exploration tools.I do not believe in this movethat Microsoft is trying to implement because smaller companies might have afresh outlook on the world than the weathered Microsoft. I consider Bill Gates a genius. I dont believe in his companiespractices like eating small software companies for lunch, but I do believe thatit has effected society as a whole. Gates vision of A personal computer onevery desk, in every home was the foundation of Microsoft and I believe shouldbe the foundation of the future. I predict that Microsoft will be the leadingsoftware developer going into the 21st century. I believe by the year 2005,that there will be a computer in every house and that Microsoft software will berunning on that computer. With Gates leadership, Microsoft is on a mission isto continually advance and improve software technology and they make it easierand more enjoyable for people to use software. That is The Gates Bill. Bibliography1. Microsoft History, Microsoft, http://library.microsoft.com/msinfo/mshist/histdoc.htm?2. William H. Gates: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Microsofthttp://www.microsoft.com/corpinfo/bill-g.htm3. Ichbiah, Daniel and Knepper, Susan L.. The making of Microsoft: HowBill Gates and His Team Created the Worlds Most Successful SoftwareCompany. Rockline, CA: Prima Publishing.

White noise Persuasive Essay Example For Students

White noise Persuasive Essay It is a universal and woeful reality that every living thing must die eventually. What places us, humans, apart from any animal, insect or living thing on this planet is our awareness of our inevitable demise. Death is something dreadful; no one knows when it could happen or how to gain control of it. When it comes it takes away ones life immediately. The mystery surrounding death leads to fear of the unknown. It is practically impossible for men to see what actually happens beyond their grave. No one knows the truth of death until he/she actually dies. This fear is something we humans have and other living things dont. The realization of death fixes us a level above them all, but can also be thought of in another perspective that we are a level lower instead. Abundant amounts of explorers jeopardized their life in search of the so-called fountain of life. The reason of this can be explained by the fear of death. As death is such a mysterious and frightful matter, in Don Delillos Whi te Noise, he agrees that at some level everyone fears death (p. 197) and this powerful fear can easily influence a persons behaviour and actions. The depiction of how a man can fear death can be found in the protagonist of the novel, Jack Gladney. In the conversation between Murray and Jack in their long stroll outside the college, DeLillo suggests his views on the issue of death. Do you think your death is premature? Murray says. Every death is premature Jack answers (pg.283). Here, DeLillo is trying to explain that man is afraid that death will arrive too soon. Jack thinks that death at any age is premature and he argues that everybody alive believes in the same notion. This excerpt proves this. Are you crazy? Of course. Thats an elitist idea. Would you ask a man who bags groceries if he fears death not because it is death but because there are still some interesting groceries he would like to bag? (pg.284). He is always apprehensive about death. He almost wishes that death does n ot exist at all because he believes death is what makes life incomplete (pg. 284). Jack comprehends that a majority of man will never choose to leave Earth because they are unwilling or reluctant to part with the affairs of the world and his own surroundings. The deepest regret is death. The only thing to face is death. This is all I think about. Theres only one issue here. I want to live. (Pg.283). Furthermore, its bad enough to fear the unknown. Faced with the unknown, we can pretend it isnt there. Exact dates would drive many to suicide, if only to beat the system, Jack says (pg.285). Jack despises knowing when he will die or if he will ever die. Jacks hysteria on death is proportionally greater to normal people simply because he already knows he is diagnosed with an incurable illness. Therefore, it is obvious that knowing the date will destroy his life from the time when he discovers the exact of his death because it would be a mad countdown till his death. How can anyone live n ormally if your doctor tells you that you will not live past this week? By utilizing Jacks situation, DeLillo illustrates to us, the readers, that the continuous pondering of such a negative issue like death will only contribute to a pessimistic view of life. As Murray explains Its only your fear that makes you act this way (Pg.287). The combination of both Murrays claim, to kill a person in direct confrontation. If he dies, you cannot. To kill him is to gain life-credit. The more people you kill, the more credit you store up. (Pg.290) and his overwhelming fear of his death lead to Jacks actions in chapter 39 when he attempted murder on Willie Mink. Moreover, Murray questions, Are you a killer or a dier, Jack? (pg.292). Jack admits that he is a dier. Nevertheless, Jack hopes that he can be like Hitler and his works (pg.287). Jack wishes that he could use Hitler to grow strength in himself and perhaps become a killer so that he can escape death. Although a possible reason for this as sassination can be originated from his rage from this mans underground relationship with his wife, the main point DeLillo is trying to interpret is Jacks desperate attempt in saving his own death from happening by causing anothers. .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 , .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .postImageUrl , .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 , .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6:hover , .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6:visited , .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6:active { border:0!important; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6:active , .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6 .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9b82814fcc8de829bea3ec1fb935b6f6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Vindication Of The Rights Of Women Essay We will write a custom essay on White noise Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Babette, wife of Jack, is also a prime example of a person in life that suffers from her frequent fear of death. Both Jack and Babette fear death very much but their denial of this is very visible in chapter 20 when they had a long discussion in their bed. Both of them had informed the other that if it is their choice that they want to die first as if they are not afraid of death at all.Babette says she wants to die first because she would feel unbearably lonely and sad without Jack, especially if the children were grown and living elsewhere (pg.100). Jack also tells her more or less the same thing and they would argue whose death leaves a bigger hole in the others life. By saying this, both of them want hope that they will at least seem to have no fear of death and thus can try to believe in it and avoid the fear. Unfortunately, this has not worked at all. Both of them have never felt less frightened from death even when they pretend they didnt. Babette says, I do want to die first, but that doesnt mean Im not afraid. Im terribly afraid. Im afraid all the time (pg.198). Her fear of death is further demonstrated when Babette by chance discovers an article about fear of death and she decides to go to the firm and experiment on the tests. Her fear has such a great impact that she is willing to try a medicine, called Dylar, which has not been tested on humans before. Even when the firm manufacturing the drug finds the drug too risky, she still goes on with Mr. Gray, later known is Willie Mink, and cheats on Jack in order to get her hands on any means of avoiding her fear of death. DeLillo also portrays many of the other characters in the novel as people who fears death greatly, no matter their age or background. In the chapters near the middle of the novel, starting from 21, DeLillo uses the scenario of the toxication accident to explain his perspectives of how people are nave about death. After the accident, the people begin to have simulations of evacuation that are organized by the SIMUVAC. They think that the more they rehearse disaster, the safer theyll be from the real thing (pg.205). Hilariously, the person, who includes Jacks children and his wife Babette, think the more they practice something, the less likely it is to actually happen (pg.207). So they think that if they practice having disasters more, the chance of getting them will be minimized. This point is frankly ridiculous because there is no proof that the more you practice something, the less likely it will occur. When disasters come, they just come regardless of the number of rehearsals peop le have had. This again proves how the fear of death may cause people to lose their common sense and conduct actions that are beyond belief. Finally, DeLillo cleverly clarifies his stance on the fear of death by constructing the character of Orest Mercator. Orest is shaped as the only character that is not only willing to face, but also challenge death, which is the complete contrary to all others. Hes (Orest) training to break the world endurance record for sitting in a cage full of poisonous snakes, for the Guinness Book of Record(pg.182). Orest s wish to have his name in the Guinness book is shattered because there are not enough snakes to break the record. Not only is there no record for him, he also gets bitten by snakes, and therefore Orest got bit for nothing(pg.298). DeLillo manipulates Orest as a simile to exhibit that those who are not afraid and choose to challenge death will end up the same way as Orest, getting injured or killed for no reason. I am convinced Orest is a method DeLillo uses to explain that challenging the Grim Reaper is just foolish. .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 , .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .postImageUrl , .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 , .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1:hover , .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1:visited , .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1:active { border:0!important; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1:active , .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1 .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7315a3706f58242a1130b01bde9a9cd1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PATRIOTISM EssayNo matter if a person is rich or poor, smart or foolish, he/she will sooner or later leave this world because of death. As no one can experience death until he/she dies, everyone fears it at some stage. For the most part, man fears death because he does not understand what death is, how it feels and if it is really the end of thought. On top of that, death is a stage of life, it does not mean the end of life there may be a place where everyone goes when they are dead just as people go from teenagers to adulthood. Simply denying this fact is not the right route to take. DeLillo, through this novel, is trying to send a message to his readers that facing deat h is the best solution to its fear. Death is something beyond our control and so it is not a thing that we should worry that much about. Taking medication, and of course, killing others will not prevent death. Thinking and being afraid of death is an ordinary thing for a man to ponder about but too much can lead to more negatives than positives. Furthermore, taking a step to an unknown world can be extremely challenging for man. That is why they fear death so much. Why worry about something you cannot prevent? His fear of death does not prolong his life; in fact, it may shorten his life. In the end, man must face death for all men are mortal. Bibliography:

Group Communications Essay Essay Example

Group Communications Essay Essay Example Group Communications Essay Essay Group Communications Essay Essay Three pictures of different group and squad interaction will be reviewed for this paper. After they have been viewed they will be discussed on affairs of the relationship between group members. member diverseness and communicating manner. The first instance survey to be reviewed is: Helping Annie. In this picture a school nurse has called a meeting with a head-shrinker and a societal worker to discourse the instance of a High school pupil. Annie. who perchance suffers from depression and an eating upset. Right off the chiropteran the school nurse is interrupted by the head-shrinker before she can complete giving the background information on Annie. He wants facts instantly non â€Å"impressions. † He makes a speedy determination as to her job and her intervention within proceedingss of their meeting and seems to believe that they are done. no more demands to be said. : The Social worker does non hold with his determination and offers a counter solution but is once more interrupted by the head-shrinker. The head-shrinker wants to utilize medicine and the Social workers wants to first talk to Annie and see if they can understand what the adolescent is traveling through. The head-shrinker sees this as a entire waste of clip. There does non look to be any existent facilitator of these meeting. and no one points out the psychiatrist’s changeless breaks of the societal worker but the societal worker herself. The school nurse is wholly intimidated into silence by both of their behaviours. The psychologist seems to hold the communicating traits of what the trial calls minds. and the Social worker has the traits of a antenna. Harmonizing to the text. Thinks are task-oriented. They take pride in their ability to believe objectively and logically. regardless of if those ideas are right. ( Reeve. 2007. Ch. 3. pg. 69. parity. 2 ) Antennas are people-oriented. The psychologist is really direct and analytical. He seems to desire to take any feelings or humanity from Annie’s instance while the societal worker is taking a more subjective. humane attack to Annie’s jobs and is evidently more concerned with the girl’s wellbeing than a speedy hole. The diverseness that exists in this group is both gender and category. The group consist of two adult females and one older adult male. the older adult male. the head-shrinker. seems to believe that the societal worker and school nurse are non in the same category as he. his age. experience and profession doing him superior to them on all degrees. hence. their sentiments are non deserving sing. This diverseness is a hinderance in their communicating because the psychologist is non listening to the two adult females and continues to disrupt them because â€Å"he doesn’t have much clip here. † If utilizing a high context perspective the spectator could pull the decision that the psychologist does non hold with the societal worker by watching his gestural behaviour such as his gestures and facial looks. In a high-context civilization small significance is expressed through words. Meaning can be conveyed through position such as age. gender. instruction or rubric. ( Reeve. 2007 ) One method that could hold been used to better communications would hold been to hold a facilitator nowadays to guarantee that each party had the same sum of clip to show his or her sentiments. Another betterment would hold been a alteration of puting from the informal scene to a more professional seating agreement that may hold helped foster communicating between all parties present. such as a unit of ammunition tabular array or face to confront seating. The 2nd picture reviewed is: Planing the Playground. The group consists of three males and two females ; three Caucasians and two minorities. The picture instance opens with two new members. one a younger male. Ray and one older adult female. Betty. run intoing the squad for the first clip. There seems to be two somewhat awkward minutes when Ray foremost merely offers to agitate the custodies of the work forces at the tabular array and when he has problem articulating the name of the minority female Iesha. The minute was defused rapidly when Iesha decided to do a little gag about her name to ease the tenseness and held out her ain manus in salutation. Betty seemed unsure about speech production and said she merely joined the squad to do friends. Communicationss between the squad started out stiff and decelerate but by utilizing â€Å"team talk. † ( the nature of the linguistic communication that group members use as they work together. Not merely does squad speak enable group members to portion information and express sentiments. but analysis of squad talk besides â€Å"reveals where the squad is coming from and where the squad is headed. ) ( Reeve. 2007. Ch. 5 pg. 124. Para. 2 ) . squad leader David kept the treatment fluxing and moved it to the ground they were at that place. The function the diverseness of the group played in their communicating was the different experiences each had to convey to the treatment. Iesha evidently liked research and set Numberss and offered non merely a sound dollar sum to endeavor for but concluding behind it. Ray countered that he thinks the sum should be higher but offered no existent ground as did Phil who wanted the sum lower. After make up ones minding to compromise they moved to fund-raising. The immediate response to Betty’s suggestion of holding a Bake sale was obvious. They did non take her input earnestly at all but once more the squad leader chimed in before thei r dismissive attitude could be considered ill-mannered and contemptuous. Diversity was besides non a strong hinderance to the group even though the potency was at that place. Conflict direction techniques were used by the group by showing involvement in work outing the job and maintaining their tone and linguistic communication non-threatening. utilizing phrases like â€Å"well. yes but let’s expression at it from a different angle† or â€Å"that’s a good thought but may non be precisely what we need now. †The usage of squad speak was a really effectual communicating tool that kept the squad focused and on path. Another of import tool that was used was gestural. The seating agreement at the tabular array permitted members to hold their personal infinite but still be able to hold direct oculus contact. Harmonizing to Reeve. each person’s pick of siting place in groups has a direct consequence on interaction and influence. A figure of surveies have demonstrated that group members prefercorner-to-corner or side-by-side seating for concerted activities. Such an agreement allows them to be near adequate to portion stuffs. ( R eeve. 2007. CH. 5 pg. 138. Para 1 ) The squad in this instance survey did demo good communicating accomplishments on the whole but the one betterment would hold been to guarantee that before the meeting took topographic point. that each member understood what the ground for the meeting was. The last picture reviewed is Virtual Communication. This picture is a presentation of three people run intoing as a squad via conference call. The 3rd unobserved member is non listening to what is being said by the director or his coworker. This is obvious because when they ask him a inquiry he pauses or stammers. so repeats something that neither of the other participants really said. Listening is of import in any group so that you can be certain to acquire all the available information every bit good as know precisely what is expected of you. This is even more so in the practical concern work when squad members are non really sitting face to face. Charlie is neither listening to what is being said or to the messages that were contained in Ellen’s electronic mail or voice mails to him. Harmonizing to the text. Effective hearing in practical groups requires accommodating to a different medium of look Your lone version is doing certain that your mike is on or off at appropriate times. In an email treatment. nevertheless. you can neither see nor hear participants. but you still must â€Å"listen† to their messages. ( Reeve. 2007. Ch. 6. Pg. . 168 ) The disadvantage of group meetings utilizing a practical medium is that you can forge hearing by replying â€Å"I agree† or a non-committal sound. You can besides feign you didn’t hear something that you don’t want to turn to as Ellen does in this picture when Charlie tries to put the incrimination on her. Charlie did non efficaciously use any of his listening accomplishments while on this call. It was evident by his distrait â€Å"non-answers† that he was non listening. The full mistake is non needfully Charlie’s ; it is non known if he of all time to the full understood what was expected of him from the first meeting. If he had at any clip used one listening accomplishment such as rephrasing he might hold had adequate elucidation to acquire his assignment done in clip. Paraphrasing is a signifier of feedback that one lets the talker know you are listening and gives them the chance to clear up their statement. Paraphrasing can be used for multiple intents such as: To guarantee comprehension before rating ; to reassure others that you want to understand them ; to unclutter up confusion and ask for elucidation ; and to assist other’s make their ain decisions. ( Reeve. 2007 ) Mentions Engleberg. I. Wynn. D. 2007. Working in Groups: Communication Principles and Strategies ( 4th ed. ) Allyn A ; Bacon Publishers. The Collaboration Tool Box. 2002-2003. MIT. Online resource. Retreived on-line January 12. 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //web. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. e

Skeletal Pin Site Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Skeletal Pin Site Management - Essay Example External fixation is described as a surgical routine that drills holes into the uninjured areas of bones around the fracture and screw special bolts into the holes. This is done to set bone fractures in which a cast would not allow proper alignment of the fracture. A rod with special ball-and-socket joints joins the bolts to make a rigid support, is placed outside the body. By adjusting the ball-and-socket joints, the fracture can be set in the proper anatomical configuration. Compared to other types of cast used in fractured bones external fixation is used most frequently. This is because the patient will be able to mobilize earlier than other types of fixations which means, the patient will have to spend shorter time in the hospital. It was also observed that external fixations enables the patient to cope up early and perform almost all its normal activities. On the other hand, pin sites are locations on which pins are inserted into the hole created in the unfractured and soft bone. It serves as an entry and exit in the skin to provide skeletal traction or external fixation apparatus. Installation of external fixations, more often than not, developed pin site infections. Signs of reaction include changes in normal skin color, increased warmth, and serous or slightly bloody drainage at the pin site. Importantly, a pin site reaction is not a pin site infection. (Holmes and Brown, 2005) The swelling is a common reaction of the body's tissue in the presence of foreign bodies such as pins. This will develop to pin site infection if not managed properly. With this, pin site management is practised by regularly checking the areas where the external fixators were attached and checking it for signs of infection such as tenting, redness, tenderness and purulent drainage. This also involves regular cleaning of the pin sites. However, different medical establishments apply different ways of cleaning; different procedures in cleansing, varied frequency and techniques for applying cleansing agent(s), removal of crusts, and use of dressings. In this research, procedures of skeletal pin site management are being studied to be able to evaluate and recommend the best and effective way in managing external fixations and pin tract infection. The goals are to keep swelling and pain caused by surgery to a low level, provide exercises to increase circulation and start wound (pin) care to prevent infection. Current Procedure Royal Darwin Hospital's procedures in managing pin sites are as follows: Put a betadine gauze around the pin sites for 48hours. After 48 hours, removed the betadine gauze and leave the pins sites alone. These will not be cleaned to leave the crusts intact. If the pin sites become infected, they are cleaned through the direction of the consultant. This practise however, is in contrast of what Lisa Marie Bernardo has said in her article, Evidence-based Practice for Pin Site Care in Injured Children which says "there is a general agreement that pin sites of patients receiving external fixation should be inspected and cleansed to prevent infection. (Bernardo, October 2001) The fact that the pin sites were not cleaned after 48 hours to leave the crust intact will have a possibility of greater risk of infection. On the other hand, cleaning through the direction of a consultant will leave the nurses dependent to the consultant and cannot act as freely as or

A View from the Trenches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A View from the Trenches - Essay Example You would inquire from these individuals and find out if the senior managers usually acted that way all the time. This would help you take the next action; for example, if you were the first to be treated that way, you would report to the senior executives immediately through a letter. The other thing would be taking legal action against the senior managers immediately in case you found out that the executives ignored such messages (Collins 47). The final, but ultimate thing would be ensuring that you understand the ethical program of the company. This is because different ethical programs have differing objectives and their meanings may also be different. For example, while some ethical principles aim at differentiating right from wrong, others only describe ethical behavior (Collins 34). As managers, you would have formulated proposals to help the companies understand ethics and formulate efficient ethical programs. This is because complaining in silence did not only harm you, but it continued to harm the organizations. For example, you would propose ethical trainings that would help senior managers to understand why this field is essential and how it may be

Behaviorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Behaviorism - Essay Example All methodologies trace their roots in history. Although, there is no classification which has actually been agreed upon but beside the main three methodological, psychological and logical types, there other few which are titled, like theoretical, biological and radical. The conduct of methodological behaviorism claims that it should only concern itself with the behavior of organisms, not with mental states and environment surrounding them. The focus is on the source of behavior .The essential theme of John Watson (1878-1958) writings is methodological behaviorism. Reinforcement, learning histories, external physical stimuli and responses in human and animals are the claims of Psychological behaviorism. Most of the prominent psychologists, Pavlov (1849-1936), Edward Thorndike (1874-1949), as well as Watson, have worked on it but the most famous work is on schedules of reinforcement by B. F. Skinner's (1904-90).Logical Positivism (see Smith 1986), a philosophical movement, has given b irth to Analytical behaviorism. It focuses on concepts, which refer to behavioral patterns which can or should be interpreted into behavioral terms. It explains how environment controls behaviors and predicts if the environment changes how behavior will change in relation to it. Gilbert Ryle (1900-76), and later work of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-51) is a good source of analytical behaviorism. An advocated brand of analytic behaviorism, by T. Place (1924-2000), restricted it to intentional states of mind, such as beliefs, which took place to constitute a type, although not the only type, of mentality (see Graham and Valentine 2004). It says that behind every mental state there are behavioral tendencies and situations.Since psychology is a natural science of behavior in organisms, psychologists in a different manner, observed animal behavior. As a result, theoretical concepts were defined. Developmental study was the idea, which appeared at a big scale, during the early research progr ams by the behaviorists. They believed that the routine action of excess activities plays a key role in the development of humans. Developmental studies attracted Watson. Early behaviorist texts, Dashiell, Weiss, Allport and Hamilton also worked on this idea. Internal drive states and motivational theories were emphasized by the behaviorists. The result was "No expression without impression; no response without stimulation" by Dashiell (1994) would conclude this contribution the best. The psychology of habit formation related to trial and error, conditioned stimulus and an extensive explanation of response was the prominent contributions. Behaviorists were highly attracted towards the idea of habit formation through conditioning. Allport (1994) concluded that transferring the right responses to new stimuli was the core of education. The significance of social behavior, social stimulus and reactions which stimulate the social objects relating to behavior was added to psychology. Sinc e 1920's, language acquisition and language itself was always been linked to self-stimulation and response. Language responses were considered as substitute and symbolic stimuli independent of the sensory feature of the original stimulus. Quine (1960) captured a behaviorist approach to the study of language, which was widely

Skills for running a small business

Skills for running a small business SKILLS FOR RUNNING A SMALL BUSINESS There are a number of skills required to run a business. You will need to use the skills you have and probably develop new ones as well It is often not possible for one person to have all the skills, in this case you might consider taking on staff or perhaps a partner to fill the gaps What kind of skills do you think are needed to run a business? Skills relating to products or services Management skills Recording and checking performance skills Selling skills Administration skills Previous experience, although not a skill will help The ability to recognise your own strengths and weaknesses 1. Skills relating to products and/or services Some products or services require specialist skills to produce or provide Even if you buy your products or services in, the people in your business that deal with customers still need a detailed knowledge of what is on offer You will need to think about these skills for your business, do you have them, are you planning to develop them, or are you going to employ someone who has them? 2. Management skills Henry Fayol suggested there are 5 primary functions of management, to be a successful manager you will need to have or develop skills in these areas. Planning Organizing Leading Co-ordinating Controlling (processes, performance etc, NOT people) Some people now think Fayols ideas are a bit old fashioned, however the basic principles of management remain the same A more modern writer, Katz, identified 3 main components to being a good manager Technical skills about the product or service Human skills, interacting with others and leading effectively Conceptual skills, coming up with new ideas, decision making and problem solving 3. Recording and checking performance skills One of the main roles of a business owner is to monitor how well the business is doing so that things can be changed if needed Performance standards need to be set, these should relate back to the aims and objectives and be SMART Actual performance is measured, information is collected. What information would your business need to collect? Actual performance is compared to the standards, if they are being met no further action is needed Corrective action is taken where required How good are you at following this kind of process, do you have an eye for detail, are you likely to follow up and measure? You will need to make use of your organisational and analytical skills 4. Selling skills As a small business owner you may need to use personal selling to get your potential customers to buy Good communication skills Persuasion skills An awareness of buying signals from customers (Observational skills) The ability to close a sale (Negotiation Skills) Good listening skills Identifying product needs in the customer Good product knowledge A lot of these skills can be learnt if you dont have them 5. Administration skills . Administration skills are vital to any business. To be good at administration you need to have a logical approach, be well organised, pay attention to detail and have good communication skills Accurate organisation of customer files and data Letter writing, faxing, emails, telephone calls etc (Technological skills) Preparation and dispatch of invoices, paying bills Managing budgets 6. Previous experience (although not a skill, this would be useful) If you have already worked in a similar company or related business this will help you. Also if you are basing your idea around a hobby or interest this may also give you some expertise If you have worked in a similar business you may have seen problems in that one that help you to avoid them yourself 7. Strengths and Weaknesses No-one is good at everything so you need to be honest about what you can and cant do Recognising your strengths will help you build the business around things you are good at Weaknesses should not be ignored. Once you are aware of them its important to implement a strategy to either eliminate them or prevent them from undermining the business Training you could enroll on a course, possibly with a local college. There are also lots of companies around that specialise in training so you might be able to contact one of them. Beware though, sometimes they can be very expensive, particularly if they are specialised Take on a partner if they compliment your skills this may be a good idea. There may be no upfront expense associated with this but they will expect a share of the profits Do some business networking this is where you attend events that attract other business people, you can talk to them, make contacts, get advice and possibly sales leads as well. For most small businesses this is an excellent option. Business Link, Chamber of Commerce and trade associations are sources that can help with this Employees you could always advertise for an employee with particular skills. Specialist employees may expect   higher salaries so could be expensive There are a number of areas that you can get professional help in. It can be really expensive so be sure you know what youre getting into before you commit. What kind of professions do you think can help? Business consultants you can employ experienced business people who will share their expertise and knowledge Accountants Most small businesses will need to employ a professional accountant, particularly to set up the legal status of the business and produce the annual accounts Solicitors will advise on any legal matters, contracts and the like with regards to the business Business Link an organisation set up by the government (Department for Trade and Industry), they offer services similar to business consultants but because they are government funded they are cheaper. You may have to wait for them, they are generally very busy You are now ready to do a skills audit. You need to perform an objective and accurate assessment of your suitability and the skills you possess to run the business you have chosen. You need to appraise your own skills and abilities honestly and identify any gaps For the first part you need to compile a list of the skills needed to run your business and a realistic assessment of whether or not you have them at the moment. You now need to put an outline job description together that describes the skills needed to run your business. Skills relating to products or services A keen interest in the product sold by my business shal be a necessity n the working of the company, Also a ability to know the whole of the procut along with its functionality shall also be required. It would also be needed that a ability to answer customer demands in regards to a product, to run the business smoothly. Obvioulsy therefore in light of this a ability to use and demonstrate the product shall be required along with a ability to market the product as well as the business enteprie itself. Management skills Team management shall be needed when running my business, especially in the field of marketing. Whereby groups of ndividuals shall market the product outside the company, and therefore good management technique shall need to be drawn upon. Furthermore to this senior management shall be needed to direct the company and its product as the business gros and develops. This ability to lead the business shal undoubtably be a massive requirement in regards to moving th company forward in the future. Recording and checking performance skills Recording and checking the companies performance shall be a necessity as in any other eneterprise. Particularly in the business of a new innovative product, market analysis and checking shll be a hugely needed requirement. Furthermore a ability to check company financial performance shall be needed to ensure the company is hitting projected performance targets as a whole. Selling skills A strong ability to sell the product of which we sell shall be neededwithin my business, for It continued success. A ability to sell the product in bulk orders would be preferable and also to sel the product in a friendly manner too. Also when sales are lost an ability to record and suggest how the sale went wrong shall also b e a required skillset. Administration skills Administration skills as in any business shall be critically important. In order to run my business successfully a srong administration skillset shall be needed. This shall allow for all paperwork and smaller tasks within the business to all be completed to a standard that ensures the company in kept up-to-date in all its work and legality documents. Previous experience, although not a skill will be useful Internal audit Strengths Weaknesses External audit Opportunities Threats Skills Assessment Team Member (Anonymous) Skill Administration Skill Management Skill Selling Skill Product Knowledge Skill Operations Skill Customer Service 1 3 3 2 3 5 3 2 4 4 2 2 4 3 3 5 3 1 2 5 2 4 3 2 2 3 4 1 Tally Priority Rating Scale 1-5 (1=Good, 5=Poor) Statement 1 Your selling skills within your business at the momen its its greatest quality. However its clear that the area of operations can greatly do with improvement Statement 2 Operations is a poor area of your business to date, in terms of how everything works and things fit together however management like selling is a better quality existing. Statement 3 Your customer service at the moment is good, however a better knowledge of the products you shall would be of greater use and further help your customer service. Statement 4 Your management skills however currently good theres a great amount of room for improvement in this skillset. This can be achieved by leading your employees more effectively of which shall also cross over and improve your results for the operations section of your business. Skills I need to run my business Do I currently have these Evidence Selling Skills in regards to the product Good Customer Service I feel that currently my selling skills are of a good standard however would greatly need improvement in the future. In order to run my product based business to a successful level. It key therefore that this skill is worked upon and developed. Along with a ability to sell, with my business being around a product good customer service shall be essential. It shall be preferred that I develop a good level of customer service skills that are used throughout my business. Selling products within young enterprise group. Speaking to customers of young enterprise and helping with order placements. Skills I need to develop Purpose for development How will I achieve this By When Need to develop operations skills To improve my ability to work a business. And to get it functioning towards a objective. Allowing for the business to run smoothly and operate successfully. This shall be key in ensuring my business is of a good working level and leads to a strong company as a whole. I shall achieve this by working on the area of operations within a business. I shall therefore take roles relating to operations more frequently and work in those areas with great care in order to improve within that particular area. I aim to achieve this particular goal by February 2010. Target Review point 1:   February 2010 Date achieved Evidence If not achieved how   can you achieve them in the future Target Review point 1: April 2010 Date achieved Evidence If not achieved how   can you achieve them in the future

Don Bosco :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John was born in 1815 in Recchi, Italy. When John was two, his father died prematurely. As a boy, John lived on a farm with his family doing the only thing they knew how, farming. Poverty and a lack of formal education in the home did not stop the growth of John Bosco as a person. His mother was for real, realizing the importance of God in life (http://www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath- boscocamp/about.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Getting a formal education was a constant struggle for John. The family finances being what they were, his brothers felt that he was wasting time, energy, and money and that it would be better for all if he stopped going to school and worked on the farm, earning money (http://www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath- boscocamp/about.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At age nine John had a dream in which he saw himself changing children from beasts into lambs. He decided immediately to become a priest and devote his life to children, and began at once. He haunted every circus and fair; learned to walk tight-ropes, do acrobatics, and become a conjurer at the cost of an often broken nose (http://users.erols.com/saintpat/ss/0131.htm#john). He must have understood physical fitness for as a youngster he was known and respected as the town's acrobat and juggler. Many would assemble to witness his tricks. He was then able to provide fascinating entertainment that would end with the rosary and a verbatim repetition of the previous Sunday's sermon. What was amazing is the fact that before any performance he would ask his audience to join him in prayer. God was his friend This friendship with God became powerful and slowly John prepared for the priesthood (http://www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath- boscocamp/about.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1841 at the age of 26, John was ordained priest. He was now ready to make his contribution toward the poor and homeless (http://www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath-boscocamp/about.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While in Turin, the rejects of society appealed to him. His awareness of what could be in them motivated him to commit his work and style of living to the building of people. His life is unbelievable as his burning love brought him to hospitals and prisons, to the troubled and the dying. His ministry forced him to beg for jobs for the boys he was helping, visited private homes, taught night classes, heard confessions, and celebrated the Eucharist. His life was deeply questioned by his confreres. He was deeply disturbing the establishment and efforts were made by the authorities to have him committed to a mental asylum.

Response to Virginia Woolf Essay

Virginia Woolf spent many of her childhood summers in a seaside village in Cornwall, England. In an excerpt from her memoirs from her childhood summers, Woolf reminisces on fishing trips with her father and her brother. Woolf utilizes language in order to convey the lasting significance by using punctuation, diction, and choppy phrases Woolf uses punctuation in several different ways, but she was especially effective at using it to convey her enthusiasm. Near the end of the first paragraph, Woolf talks about how she felt when catching a fish â€Å"†¦and then-how can I convey the excitement?- there was a little leaping tug†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here, in just this sentence alone, Woolf conveys her excitement and enthusiasm by using punctuation. â€Å"†¦ how can I convey the excitement?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This phrase appears in the middle of two other little phrases, almost like she’s taking a little break to try and collect her thoughts in order for the reader to understand them. Had she not taken this little moment to sort herself out, her words may have ended up jumbled and not well put together. This makes her seem so enthusiastic, that she has to take a break in order to calm herself back down. Virginia Woolf uses diction to help create a lasting significance. For instance, near the beginning of the essay, Woolf talks about how once when they were out fishing/ sailing, her brother, Thoby got to steer them home. â€Å"But once Thobby was allowed to steer us home†¦And Thobby took the fisherman’s place; and steered; flushed and with his blue eyes very blue, and his mouth set, he sat there bringing us to there, bringing us round the point, into the harbor, without letting the sail flag.† (paragraph 1). Notice the use of the word â€Å"flushed†. â€Å"†¦flushed and with his blue eyes very blue†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Woolf could have used a word such as â€Å"blushing† or even â€Å"rosy†, but she chose flushed because by definition flushed refers to turning red, by either being embarrassed, an illness, or by a strong emotion. Her brother was flushed because he was nervous to steer the boat home and this stood out in her mind. Although â€Å"blushing† and â€Å"rosy† are synonyms for the word â€Å"flushed†, neither one of them would have given you as strong of detail nor help create the lasting significance that â€Å"flushed† did. Finally, Woolf uses choppy, or short, phrases to help convey this lasting significance. The most obvious comes after they, her brother, father, and herself, had caught the fish. â€Å"†¦ there was a little leaping tug; than another; up one hauled; up through the water at length came white twisting fish; and was slapped on the floor.† Much like the punctuation, these short and choppy phrases create that fast paced allusion of being excited– like a little kid at Christmas. Woolf was obviously thrilled at the experience of fishing and had thoroughly enjoyed it and to help convey that, she used these little phrases. Throughout the essay Woolf used many different types of language to convey a lasting significance. All in all, these three uses of language- punctuation, diction, and choppy phrases- Woolf had used the most to talk about her summer’s spent in Cornwall, England.

The Buying Process

The Buying Process Abstract Online shopping has become an integral component of today’s business world. It is one of the populous activities over the internet. Internet buying behavior is nothing else but the process and act of making use of the things gotten over the internet.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Buying Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Just like ordinary shopping, consumers go through various stages when purchasing goods online. This paper examines the buying process for an online product from the Kindle store. Specifically, this paper highlights the stages a customer would go through when purchasing an E-reader from Kindle store. This paper details how the customer would get to recognize their need, how they would search for information, how they would evaluate alternatives, how they would choose the product, how they would make their actual purchase and finally how they would react after the purchase decision. Introduction Many researchers have conducted surveys over the recent past in a bid to understand the stages consumers go through as they make their online purchase decisions (Liang and Lai, 2000). The studies have also concentrated on what it is quite important to know for the marketers, consumer online shopping behavior in particular. Marketers should know the way customers respond to marketing initiatives and the way they make their purchase decisions when buying products online (Foxall, 2005; Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). In today’s business environment, the business that clearly understands the way customers react to various marketing mix approaches has a great edge over its competitors. Problem recognition According to Kotler Armstrong (2005), the buying process for an online product begins with the need of recognition. This need can be stimulated by an internal or external factor (Case et al., 2001). For instance, a consumer could have a desire to own reading tablet.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This need then transforms to become a compelling drive. At this point, the marketer needs to clearly understand the customer’s unique needs and what could have triggered the needs (Foxall, 2005). Search and determination of alternatives Once a customer is convinced of their need, the customer will seek more information about the various available brands (Foxall, 2005). The source of this information is usually varied. The marketer must design a unique marketing mix to make prospective customers aware of its brands (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). The marketer can rely on positive referrals (Cho et al, 2001). Loyal and satisfied customers would recommend Kindle products to prospective customers. Evaluation of alternatives From the gathered information, the consumer will decide on a final brand. At Kindle stores, customers can choose Kindle Paperwhite 3G, Kindle Paperwhite, Kindle or Kindle Keyboard 3G (Amazon.com, 2012). The marketer must be interested to know how the customer evaluates the various alternatives (Huang, 2000). Kotler and Armstrong (2005) have argued that the evaluation of alternatives would depend on the individual customer and the purchase environment. Sometimes, consumers rely on logic while at times they make impulse purchases. Purchase decision Kindle stores offer a variety of prices. For instance, Kindle Paperwhite 3G is worth $179, Kindle Paperwhite is worth $ 119, Kindle is worth$ 69 and Kindle Keyboard 3G is worth $ 139 (Amazon.com, 2012). Since some customers are price sensitive, their purchase intentions and decisions will be influenced by their disposable income (Blackwell et al, 2006). Alternatively, the customer can decide to buy based on the potential benefits of the product (Case et al, 2001). Since customers will only buy when they believe that price of the E-reader i s tantamount to its benefits (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005), the marketer should price the product appropriately so that customers can get their perceived value.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Buying Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Post-purchase evaluation After buying the product, the customer will either be contented or not. The customer will display some post purchase reaction which the marketer must be interested in (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). This reaction will be influenced by the relationship between the customer’s expectation and the actual performance of the product. If the customers’ expectations are not met by the product, the customer will be very dissatisfied (Foxall, 2005). Therefore, the marketer must only claim what is in tandem with the products’ actual performance to achieve customer satisfaction. Conclusion The above is a detailed explanation of the buying proce ss for an online product specifically E-reader from Kindle. Consumers follow these stages as they seek to make a purchase decision (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). However, the customer might not necessarily follow the above stages sequentially. When buying an online product, the consumer will first recognize their problem. The customer will then proceed to search and determine the various alternatives available. The customer will then evaluate the alternatives and make a purchase decision (Kotler and Armstrong, 2005). Finally, the customer will engage in post-purchase evaluation. References Amazon.com. (2012). The world’s best-selling E-readers. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B007HCCNJU/ref=fs_sz Blackwell, D. R., Miniard, P. W., Engel, J. F. (2006). Consumer behaviour  10th Edition. USA: Thomson Learning.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Case, T., Burns, O. M., Dick, G. N. (2001). Drivers of on-line purchasing among U.S. university students. Proceedings of the 7th Americas Conference on Information Systems, 873-878. Cho, Y., Im, I., Hiltz, R., Fjermestad, J. (2001). Causes and outcomes of online customer complaining behavior: Implications for customer relationship management (CRM). Proceedings of the 7th Americas Conference on Information Systems, 900-907. Foxall, G. (2005.) Understanding consumer choice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Huang, M. (2000). Information load: Its relationship to online exploratory and shopping behavior. International Journal of Information Management 20: 337–347. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2005). Principles of marketing 11th Edition. USA: Prentice Hall. Liang, T., Lai, H. (2000). Electronic store design and consumer choice: An  empirical study. Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. PDF file.

D.H. Lawrence’s “The Rocking Horse Winner” Essays

D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† Essays D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† Paper D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† Paper D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† The novel â€Å"The Rocking Winner† shows an English woman who had no luck in her life. She was seriously haunted by the feeling of failure since her family was not doing well. For instance, we are told that there is nothing her husband could participate in and come out successful. The woman used to work as a commercial artist and thus, could not earn as much as she wanted. The family lived a high standard lifestyle that was above the income and it was noted that although, they had a high standard of living, anxiety was their companion especially for money. However, the children recognized this tension about money in the house and thus we are shown one child claiming to hear money whispering in the house. The book demonstrates that this English woman pretended to love her children so much, but deep down her heart, she felt nothing for the children. This is because, when she got married, she was after love; unfortunately, that love did not last and skinny kids were the outcome of her love (Lawrence, 1966). Therefore, she felt that those children were just forced on her. Although the neighbors and friends congratulated her for the wonderful care and love she had for her family, only her and her children knew the truth. Paul, the only son in the family, decided to get out of the house so that he could go and find some money because the family did not have enough money to sustain them. Therefore, Paul used his rocking horse to earn some money, which he gave to her mother. However, the thirst for more money within the family continued to be even stronger than before. Therefore, through this book we learn that because of the greedy nature of a mother over money, a child dies. This woman was never satisfied with money because she kept on yearning for more money, which made her son to use his power to find out the names of the winning horses, and thus he collapsed due to mental exhaustion. Within the family, they had a gardener who loved and respected Paul very much. This is because he realized Paul’s talent for picking winners and thus he had to tell it to Paul’s uncle Oscar. Bassett the Gardner was of great help to Paul because he used to work around the horses and racing and thus, he was helpful in giving Paul instructions when it came to placing bets. He also helped in saving Paul’s money safely until when his uncle got involved in the activity of horse racing. He was very interested and later on, he joined and became one of the participants where he could also bet some money particularly on a horse by the name Daffodil. They later earned some good money on this bet and Paul had to make a gift of about five thousand pounds to his mother in a private way through a lawyer. The house was stricken by poverty, and even though Paul tried all his best to know the name of the winning horse, he failed because he was exhausted; he became unconscious with brain fever. Unfortunately, he died after winning about eight thousand pounds for his mother who was never satisfied with money. Therefore, it has been argued that, the author of this book was trying to move away from realism and linking together a wider range of styles and topics. The entire book is concerned on the greedy nature of human beings. Wherever, there is greed and too much ambition, there are always misfortunes. For instance, in the novel, this woman was so greedy that he never realized the pain his son was going through just to satisfy her greed for money. References Lawrence, D. H. (1966). The Rocking Horse Winner. Woodstock, IL: Dramatic Publishing.

The linguistic mecanism to produce an allegorical message in a play Essay

The linguistic mecanism to produce an allegorical message in a play narrative - Essay Example Confounded with trying to discern the difference between symbolism and allegory, it is important, as a starting point, to pose one guiding definition of each of these terms. For purposes of this discussion, the term ‘symbolism’ refers to elements within a piece that transforms appearance into an idea and the idea into an image in such a way that the idea remains always infinitely effective and unreachable in the image and remains ineffable even if uttered in all languages. In other words, symbolism presents an idea in such a way that it cannot be separated from the image selected to portray it as well as impossible to describe as well in words regardless of the language used. Allegory, on the other hand, transforms appearance into a concept, rather than an idea. This concept is also transformed further into an image, but this time it is done in such a way that the concept can be grasped and described as something different from the image even as it is being expressed in it (Goethe, 1991, p. 88). With these two concepts – allegory and symbolism – clearly defined and separated, it is also important to realize that allegory can be developed through the use of personification and/or through conceptual allegory, the â€Å"presentation of the concrete to suggest a long train of mental associations, conscious and subconscious [†¦] the one-to-one recognition process of allegory† (Haworth, 1980, p. 14). Through this paper, it will be discussed how the character can become an allegory through the process of personification as well as how conceptual allegory emerges as a result of the careful use of narrative. The principle way in which this is done is through the use of semiotics. The term ‘semiotics’ is today defined as â€Å"the theory and study of signs and symbols, especially as elements of language or other systems of communication, and comprising semantics, syntactics, and pragmatics† (â€Å"Semiotics†, 2002). However, the first person